the Buddha’s relics.

1. leaving the world; going forth; adopting the ascetic life; ordination. 2. the lower ordination; ordination of a novice; admission to novicehood; Initiation.

an ascetic; recluse; monk; the ordained; religious; renunciate; monastic.

1. arrangement; preparation; preliminary action. 2. (T.) repetition; pronouncing incantations; recitation (or to recite) for the purpose of making sacred.

requisite; (the eight) requisites of a Buddhist monk; the three robes, the bowl, a razor, a needle, the girdle and a water-strainer; accessory; equipment.

donation; charity; sacrifice. v. to donate; give; give up.

a tree, shrine, dwelling, bed, etc. used by the Buddha and consequently remindful of him and sacred; the monument

1. retinue; suite; pomp; followers; following. 2. accessories.

the compound of a monastery; the Wat compound.

surrounding people; an assembly; company; association; the four assemblies of the Buddhist devout; the assemblies of monks, nuns, male and female lay devotees.

giving up the world; adopting the ascetic life; ordination. v. to go forth; give up or renounce the world; become an ascetic, a Bhikkhu or a novice; be ordained; join or enter the Order.

1. rags from a dust heap; a robe make of rags taken from dust-bins; discarded cloth; rag-robe. 2. (T.) a yellow robe dedicated to a deceased person; v. to take such robes after contemplating on the impermanence of compounded things; meditate and take a funeral (or memorial) robe.

a bowl; alms-bowl.

evil; wrong action; demerit; (mis.) sin. adj. evil; bad; wicked; demeritorious; (mis.) sinful.

(the ten) Perfections; stages of spiritual perfection achieved by a Bodhisatta on his path to Buddhahood (or by those who are determines to become Pacchekabuddhas or Arahant disciples of a Buddha).

1. Pali language; the language adopted by the Theravadins as the language in which to reserve the memorized teachings of the Buddha. 2. Tipitaka; the text of the Pali Canon; the Buddha’s teachings as contained in the Tipitaka.

v. to fulfil; cultivate; develop; practice.

food received in the alms-bowl (of a Bhikkhu); alms-gathering; almsfood. v. to go for alms; go for collecting alms; go for alms-gathering; go on an almsround; receive food-offering.

exposition in terms of persons; teaching with reference to persons; teaching by means of personification. cf. Dhammadhitthana.

merit; meritorious action; virtue; righteousness; moral acts; good works. adj. meritorious; good.

(the three or ten) items of meritorious action; way of making merit.

preliminary works.

a former deed; a deed done on a former existence.

one who does a favour before; a previous benefactor.

preliminary function; preliminary duties.

a foregoing sign; prognostic; portent.

offering dedicated to the deceased.

living together in the past; previous association; cohabitation in a previous life.

worship (external and mental); honor; veneration; homage; devotional attention; devotional offering.

the Five Aggregates; the five groups of existence; the five causally conditioned elements of existence forming a being or entity, viz., corporeality, feeling, perception, mental formations and consciousness.

the five ennobling Virtues.

“belonging to the group of five”; the five Bhikkhus; the five ascetics; the five mendicants; Annakondanna, Vappa, Bhaddiya, Mahanama, and Assaji.

the Five Precepts; the Five Rules of Morality; the Five Training Rules.

five-point prostration; the method of veneration or obeisance by prostrating oneself or kneeling and touching the ground with five parts of the body, viz., the knees, elbows and forehead.

the uposatha hall; a chapter house; a hall or building in a monastery in which ecclesiastical acts or ceremonies are performed; consecrated assembly hall; (mis.) church; temple.

marking slab (usu. made of stone and erected over a buried boundary-marking stone to show its place). ดู ลูกนิมิต.